Hay–Wells syndrome

Hay–Wells syndrome
Classification and external resources
OMIM	106260
DiseasesDB	33336

Hay–Wells syndrome (also known as AEC syndrome; see Naming) is one of at least 150 known types of ectodermal dysplasia.^[1]^[2]^:571

These disorders affect tissues that arise from the ectodermal germ layer, such as skin, hair, and nails.

1 Genetics
2 Diagnosis
3 Naming
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Genetics

Hay–Wells syndrome is autosomal dominant,^[3] caused by a missense mutation in the Sterile alpha motif (SAM) of the TP73L (p63) gene which encodes for a protein-protein interaction domain.^[3] It is a very rare disorder.

Diagnosis

In HWS the hair is coarse and sparse, eyelashes are sparse or absent, nails may be absent or malformed, and teeth may be small and malformed. There may be fewer than normal sweat glands and they may produce little sweat, a condition known generally as hypohidrosis. Chronic inflammatory dermatitis of the scalp is a common symptom.

Two features differentiate HWS from other ectodermal displasias. First, the syndrome is associated with cleft palate, and, less often, cleft lip. Second, the edges of the upper and lower eyelid grow bands of fibrous tissue, often causing them to be fused together. This condition in the eyelids is called ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum.

Naming

Hay–Wells syndrome is also known as AEC syndrome; this is short for "ankyloblepharon–ectodermal dysplasia–clefting syndrome", "ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft palate syndrome",^[4]^:518), "ankyloblepharon–ectodermal defects–cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome",^[5] "ankyloblepharon–ectodermal defect–cleft lip and/or palate syndrome",^[6] or "ankyloblepharon ectodermal dysplasia and clefting".^[7]

References

^ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 106260
^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0721629210.
^ ^a ^b Mcgrath, Ja; Duijf, Ph; Doetsch, V; Irvine, Ad; De Waal, R; Vanmolkot, Kr; Wessagowit, V; Kelly, A; Atherton, Dj; Griffiths, Wa; Orlow, Sj; Van Haeringen, A; Ausems, Mg; Yang, A; Mckeon, F; Bamshad, Ma; Brunner, Hg; Hamel, Bc; Van Bokhoven, H (February 2001). "Hay–Wells syndrome is caused by heterozygous missense mutations in the SAM domain of p63" (Free full text). Human molecular genetics 10 (3): 221–229. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.3.221. ISSN 0964-6906. PMID 11159940. http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11159940.
^ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071380760.
^ Julapalli MR, Scher RK, Sybert VP, Siegfried EC, Bree AF. Dermatologic findings of ankyloblepharon–ectodermal defects–cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2009;149A(9):1900–6. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32797. PMID 19681128.
^ Motil JK, Fete TJ. Growth, nutritional, and gastrointestinal aspects of ankyloblepharon–ectodermal defect–cleft lip and/or palate (AEC) syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2009;149A(9):1922–5. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32789.
^ Koster MI, Marinari B, Payne AS, Kantaputra PN, Costanzo A, Roop DR. ΔNp63 knockdown mice: A mouse model for AEC syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2009;149A(9):1942–7. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32794. PMID 19681108.

External links

Congenital malformations and deformations of integument / skin disease (Q80–Q82, 757.0–757.3)

Genodermatosis

Congenital ichthyosis/
erythrokeratodermia

AD	Ichthyosis vulgaris

AR	Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma: Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis · Lamellar ichthyosis (Harlequin type ichthyosis) Netherton syndrome · Zunich–Kaye syndrome · Sjögren–Larsson syndrome

XR	X-linked ichthyosis

Ungrouped	Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens · Ichthyosis follicularis · Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome · Ichthyosis–sclerosing cholangitis syndrome · Nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma · Ichthyosis linearis circumflexa · Ichthyosis hystrix

JEB (JEB-H, Mitis, Generalized atrophic, JEB-PA)

DEB (DDEB, RDEB)

Ectodermal dysplasia

Naegeli syndrome/Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis · Hay–Wells syndrome · Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia · Focal dermal hypoplasia · Ellis–van Creveld syndrome · Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome/Hay–Wells syndrome

Elastic/Connective

Ehlers–Danlos syndrome · Cutis laxa (Gerodermia osteodysplastica) · Popliteal pterygium syndrome · Pseudoxanthoma elasticum · Van Der Woude syndrome

Hyperkeratosis/
keratinopathy

PPK	diffuse: Diffuse epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma • Diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma • Palmoplantar keratoderma of Sybert • Mal de Meleda • syndromic (connexin (Bart–Pumphrey syndrome • Clouston's hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia • Vohwinkel syndrome) • Corneodermatoosseous syndrome • plakoglobin (Naxos syndrome) • Scleroatrophic syndrome of Huriez • Olmsted syndrome • Cathepsin C (Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome • Haim–Munk syndrome) • Camisa disease focal: Focal palmoplantar keratoderma with oral mucosal hyperkeratosis • Focal palmoplantar and gingival keratosis • Howel–Evans syndrome • Pachyonychia congenita (Pachyonychia congenita type I • Pachyonychia congenita type II) • Striate palmoplantar keratoderma • Tyrosinemia type II) punctate: Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa • Focal acral hyperkeratosis • Keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris • Keratosis punctata of the palmar creases • Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge syndrome • Porokeratosis plantaris discreta • Spiny keratoderma ungrouped: Palmoplantar keratoderma and spastic paraplegia • desmoplakin (Carvajal syndrome) • connexin (Erythrokeratodermia variabilis • HID/KID)

Other	Meleda disease · Keratosis pilaris · ATP2A2 (Darier's disease) · Dyskeratosis congenita · Lelis syndrome Dyskeratosis congenita · Keratolytic winter erythema · Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans · Keratosis linearis with ichthyosis congenital and sclerosing keratoderma syndrome · Keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei · Keratosis pilaris

Other

cadherin (EEM syndrome) · immune system (Hereditary lymphedema, Mastocytosis/Urticaria pigmentosa) · Hailey–Hailey

see also Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of skin appendages, Template:Phakomatoses, Template:Pigmentation disorders, Template:DNA replication and repair-deficiency disorder

Developmental
anomalies

Midline	Dermoid cyst · Encephalocele · Nasal glioma · PHACE association · Sinus pericranii

Nevus	Capillary hemangioma · Port-wine stain (Nevus flammeus nuchae)

Other/ungrouped	Aplasia cutis congenita · Amniotic band syndrome · Branchial cyst · Cavernous venous malformation Accessory nail of the fifth toe · Bronchogenic cyst · Congenital cartilaginous rest of the neck · Congenital hypertrophy of the lateral fold of the hallux · Congenital lip pit · Congenital malformations of the dermatoglyphs · Congenital preauricular fistula · Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma · Cystic lymphatic malformation · Median raphe cyst · Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy · Mongolian spot · Nasolacrimal duct cyst · Omphalomesenteric duct cyst · Poland anomaly · Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma · Rosenthal–Kloepfer syndrome · Skin dimple · Superficial lymphatic malformation · Thyroglossal duct cyst · Verrucous vascular malformation · Birthmark

M: INT, SF, LCT

anat/phys/devp

noco(i/b/d/q/u/r/p/m/k/v/f)/cong/tumr(n/e/d), sysi/epon

proc, drug (D2/3/4/5/8/11)

Genetic disorder, protein biosynthesis: Transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies

(1) Basic domains	1.2: Feingold syndrome · Saethre-Chotzen syndrome 1.3: Tietz syndrome

(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains	2.1 (Intracellular receptor): Thyroid hormone resistance · Androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS, MAIS, CAIS) · Kennedy's disease · PHA1AD pseudohypoaldosteronism · Estrogen insensitivity syndrome · X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita · MODY 1 · Familial partial lipodystrophy 3 · SF1 XY gonadal dysgenesis 2.2: Barakat syndrome · Tricho–rhino–phalangeal syndrome 2.3: Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome/Pallister-Hall syndrome · Denys–Drash syndrome · Duane-radial ray syndrome · MODY 7 · MRX 89 · Townes–Brocks syndrome · Acrocallosal syndrome · Myotonic dystrophy 2 2.5: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1

(3) Helix-turn-helix domains	3.1: ARX (Ohtahara syndrome, Lissencephaly X2) · HLXB9 (Currarino syndrome) · HOXD13 (SPD1 Synpolydactyly) · IPF1 (MODY 4) · LMX1B (Nail–patella syndrome) · MSX1 (Tooth and nail syndrome, OFC5) · PITX2 (Axenfeld syndrome 1) · POU4F3 (DFNA15) · POU3F4 (DFNX2) · ZEB1 (Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy 3, Fuchs' dystrophy 3) · ZEB2 (Mowat-Wilson syndrome) 3.2: PAX2 (Papillorenal syndrome) · PAX3 (Waardenburg syndrome 1&3) · PAX4 (MODY 9) · PAX6 (Gillespie syndrome, Coloboma of optic nerve) · PAX8 (Congenital hypothyroidism 2) · PAX9 (STHAG3) 3.3: FOXC1 (Axenfeld syndrome 3, Iridogoniodysgenesis, dominant type) · FOXC2 (Lymphedema–distichiasis syndrome) · FOXE1 (Bamforth–Lazarus syndrome) · FOXE3 (Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis) · FOXF1 (ACD/MPV) · FOXI1 (Enlarged vestibular aqueduct) · FOXL2 (Premature ovarian failure 3) · FOXP3 (IPEX) 3.5: IRF6 (Van der Woude syndrome, Popliteal pterygium syndrome)

(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts	4.2: Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome 4.3: Holt-Oram syndrome · Li-Fraumeni syndrome · Ulnar–mammary syndrome 4.7: Campomelic dysplasia · MODY 3 · MODY 5 · SF1 (SRY XY gonadal dysgenesis, Premature ovarian failure 7) · SOX10 (Waardenburg syndrome 4c, Yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome) 4.11: Cleidocranial dysostosis

(0) Other transcription factors	0.6: Kabuki syndrome

Ungrouped	TCF4 (Pitt-Hopkins syndrome) · ZFP57 (TNDM1) · TP63 (Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome/Hay–Wells syndrome/Ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft syndrome 3/Limb–mammary syndrome/OFC8)

Transcription coregulators	coactivator: CREBBP (Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome) corepressor: HR (Atrichia with papular lesions)

see also transcription factors B structural (perx, skel, cili, mito, nucl, sclr) · DNA/RNA/protein synthesis (drep, trfc, tscr, tltn) · membrane (icha, slcr, atpa, abct, othr) · transduction (iter, csrc, itra), trfk